Vibrator with multiple voltageoperating coil



June 18, 1957 R. E. BARNES 2,796,578

VIBRATOR WITH MULTIPLE VOLTAGE OPERATING COIL.

Filed March 51, 1953 //VPl/7 0 +5 dc 41 4 (no connecfion) IN V EN TOR.

Fakr/ Lffiarnzs 14 TTORNEY United tes atent 2,796,578 Patented June 18,1957 VIBRATOR WITH MUL HPLE VGLTAGE- OPERATING CGKL Robert E. Barnes,Indianapolis, Ind, assignor to P. R. Mallory & Co., lino, lndianapoiis,lath, corpsration of Delaware Application March 31, 1953, Serial in.345,865

6 Claims. or. sat-4a;

This invention relates generally'to electrical translating apparatus orvibrators and has particular reference to such means and methodsincluding translating apparatus for transferring energy between directand alternating current circuits.

The basic vibrator mechanism as illustrated, for example, in the patentto C. Huetten, issued August 5, 1952,. U. S. No. 2,606,259, is anassembly of five principal parts comprising: a heavy rigid frame; anelectromagnetic driver coil usually fixed at one end of the heavy rigidframe; a flexible reed or armature, one end of which is rigidlypositioned or fastened to the end of the frame opposite the driver coil;and one or more con tact carrying members attached to each side of thereed member.

A type ofelectromagnetic actuating or driving system used in vibratorsis known. as the shunt-coil system, so called because .of the manner inwhich the coil'is energizedv and de-e nergized from the supply batterycircuit. In the shunt-coil type, the electromagnetic driving coil mayhave one end of its winding grounded to the frame of the vibratormechanism, which may be in turn connectedeither to the reed or contactcarrying arm. The other end of its winding is connected to the insulatedsemi-fixed contact-carrying member on the pull interrupter side of thereed. Thus, when the reed is pulled by the magnetic attraction of theenergized coil, the contacts close and the coil is shorted electrically.This allows the magnetic flux to collapse, which releases the pull? onthe reed. The energy stored in the deflected reed causes a reverse swingof the reedthrough the neutral position and beyond where the oppositepair of contacts are then closed. Since this action is'caused by theinertia of the moving reed, this latter pair of contacts is referred toas the inertia interrupter contacts. During the inertia swing of thereed, the current in the coil has been increasing so that, by the timethe inertia contacts have opened, sufficient magnetic pull has beenestablished to impart a large pulse of energy to the moving reed as itapproaches the pole piece of the coil. The cycle is then repeated.

The shunt-coil type of unit is characterized by the fact that all of thecontacts are separated when at rest, and all of the contacts arepower-handling contacts. It will be noted that the coil is so connectedthat oneh'alf of the transformer primary is in series with it and itsassociated battery. The driving coil resistance is much greater thanthat of the transformer coil in series withit (as much as 500 times asgreat) so that practically all of the-battery voltage is across the coilwhen the unit is being started. After the unit has started, the counterE. M. F. generated in the series transformer primary coil when theinertia contacts are closed is added to the battery voltage'to aid indriving the unit. Thus, after starting, a unit operating from a 6-voltbattery will have almost 12 volts driving the operating coil. Onvibrators for use at a single input voltage, the shuntcoil connectionsare made internally. However, where it is desired to operate thevibrator at more than one input voltage (such as for both 6- and 12-voltservice), the coil lead normally connected to the pull-interruptercontact can be brought to a base pin for external. connection,eitherdirectly or through a dropping resistor, to the pull-interruptersocket connection.

In many applications it is desired .to provide a single vibrator whichmay serve as a replacement or be used interchangeably in severalvibrator power supplies of different voltages. Shunt driven vibratorsfor such applications often have the coil lead brought out to a separatepin on the vibrator plug. It is then customary practice to make the coilconnection to the pull interrupter contact in the vibrator socket ofeach power supply. It the power supply voltage is suitable for thevibrator coil, the connection is made directly through a jumper wire. Ifthe power supply voltage is too high to be suitable for the vibratorcoil, then the connection was to be one of a series of resistors outsidethe vibrator, per se, as by means of switches so that the voltageapplied to the coil is dropped to a desired standard level regardless ofthe input voltage to the circuit.

A fixed value of resistance must be chosen in the above system for eachpower supply type and voltage design. Once a value of resistance ischosen it cannot easily be changed since packs in service would have tobe modified. If the value of the resistor has been chosen based on onemechanism or carelessly chosen, manufacturers will encounter diificultyin using competitive or new vibrator mechanisms for the application, dueto differences in driving power required and physical limitations of thecoil bobbin. In certain cases this may make it difiicult or impossibleto design a suitable con ventional' coil for the application.

An example is the case of using a vibrator for both 6 and 12 volt inputvoltages. In this case a 6-volt vibrator would be used and when operatedon 12 volts a resistor would be placed in series with the coil, saidresistor having a value approximately equal to the resistance of thecoil. The necessity for the present in vention occurs because the coilresistance of the same voltage vibrator varies among the variousvibrator manufacturers.

For instance, 6-volt vibrators are manufactured whose coils vary inresistance from 27 ohms to as high as 60 ohms. Thus, if the power supplydesigner has designed around a 6-volt vibrator using a 60 ohm coil, hewould select a 60 ohm resistor to be used in series for 12-voltoperation. It is also evident that if a 6-volt vibrator having a 27 ohmcoil were used in this same circuit, satisfactory operation could not beobtained at 12 volts input. 1 Itwas because of this type of conditionwherein thepower supply hasalready been designed and the externalresistor fixed in value that it became necessary to develop the coilstructure as described in the subject invention. It is evident too thatthe resistor is a fixed part of the power supply and not of the vibratorand that the choice of whether the vibrator is to be used with theresistor at high voltage or directly connected at low voltage is up tothe user and not to the manufacturer of the vibrator.

The present invention meets the foregoing problems. This inventioncomprises amongother novel features a coil whichconsists of twowindings. These coils are wound and connected so that their magneticfields will add. The construction is arranged so that the start of thefirstwinding i's'connected to the reed. A lead is connectedto thejunction between finish of the first winding and the start of the secondwinding. This lead is brought out to the separate pin provided for thelead.

Connection to the pull interrupter contact is made through the jumper ordropping resistor in the vibrator socket, as the case may be. A lead isalso connected to the finish of the second winding. This lead isconnected directly to the pull interrupter contact.

It is, therefore, a prime object of the present invention to provide anovel interrupter device wherein the coil thereof may be advantageouslyused in multiple voltage circuits.

Still another object of the present invention is to provide a novelinterrupting device which may serve as a replacement or be usedinterchangeably with several power supplies having different voltagevalues.

Yet another object of the present invention is to provide in aninterrupter device for transferring direct current voltage toalternating current voltage and vice versa, a multiple voltage drivercoil mechanism which allows the operation of said interrupter device inplaces of varying voltage value and at optimum efiiciency.

Still another object of the present invention is to provide a novelinterrupter device for transforming D. C. to A. C. or A. C. to D. C. asadapted for use in circuits having varying values of voltage.

Yet another object of the present invention is to provide in aninterrupter device for transferring D. C. to A. C. a novel multipledriving coil which is used to adapt the said device for use in circuitshaving varying values of voltages and as desired.

Another object of the present invention is to provide a multiple voltagetype of vibrator having a coil adapting the same for use under differentvoltage conditions and values.

Still another object of the present invention is to provide aneconomical, practical and improved novel vibrator for use in varyingvoltage situations, said vibrator being fabricated of a minimum of partsand components and adapted to operate at an optimum efiiciency.

The invention, in another of its aspects, relates to novel features ofthe instrumentalities described herein for teaching the principal objectof the invention and to the novel principles employed in theinstrumentalities whether or not these features and principles may beused in the said object and/or in the said field.

Other objects of the invention and the nature thereof will becomeapparent from the following description considered in connection withthe accompanying figures of the drawing and wherein like referencecharacters describe elements of similar function therein and wherein thescope of the invention is determined rather from the dependent claims.

Referring now to the figures of the drawing:

Fig. l is an electrical circuit diagram of an embodiment of the presentinvention showing a shunt-driven vibrator including the novel multiplevoltage driving vibrator coil; and

Fig. 2 is an illustration of a typical circuit of a plug of such avibrator showing the wiring of a self-rectifying type of shunt-drivenvibrator including the invention of the multiple voltage vibratordriving coil.

Generally speaking, the present invention is directed toward providingin a single vibrator driver coil means which may adapt the same forinterchangeable use in electrical circuits which have different voltageratings and obviates the necessity for modifying the component parts ofthe mechanism so as to adapt the same interchangeably wherever necessaryin accordance with the aforesaid voltage requirements. In essence, thedriver coil of the interrupter is constructed with multiple windings,the turns of which are so related as to provide when necessary anadditive magnetic flux relationship.

As shown in Figs. l and 2, Where reference numerals 1 to 7 refer toterminal pins for the vibrator, driving coil 10 of vibrator 11 comprisestwo coils 12 and 13 interconnected by junction 14. A resistance 15having termini 16 and 17 is placed in series with coil 12 but inparallel with coil 13. Termini or ends 17 and 18 of resistor 15 and coil13 respectively are connected by means of a conductor 20 to pull contact21 of the vibrator and on the other side to the primary coil 30 ofoutput transformer 31. End 32 of the first coil 12 of the driver coil 10is placed in series with and connected to reed 33 of the vibrator. Thereed 34 itself is connected in series with voltage input terminal 37 bymeans of conductor 38. The other input voltage terminal 41 is tappedinto the primary 30 at substantially the midpoint thereof and isconnected thereto by means of lead or terminal 43.

The electrical circuit arrangement is shown in Fig. 1 above. A typicalcircuit showing the wiring of a selfrectifying type vibrator is shown inFig. 2. It should be understood that this invention may be applied toany vibrator using shunt drive, whether of the interrupter orself-rectifying type.

This invention may be made by making each winding in separate layers orboth coils may be interwound in bifilar fashion. Wire size and turns aredetermined for each application according to design requirements as Wellknown by those skilled in the art.

The construction and operation of this invention will be consideredunder two conditions. First, suppose R: shown in Fig. 1 is zero (Rr=0).This is the approximate case which exists when a jumper wire is used. Inthis case the second winding is shorted out and only the first windingis operative. The vibrator will operate normally if the first windinghas been designed for good operation under this condition.

In the second case it should be assumed that the resistor has somefinite value greater than zero. The actual values of R1 will usuallyalready be determined by the various applications. In this case R1 maybe too large to allow the first winding to develop enough mag neticfield for satisfactory operation of the vibrator. It will be noted thatthe second winding is in parallel with Rr- This means the voltagedropped across R1 is also applied to the second winding. A current will,therefore, pass through the second winding which will add to themagnetic field of the first winding because of the way each coil iswound. In addition, the magnetic field of the first winding is increasedsince the current flowing through this winding is the combined currentsflowing through Rr and the second winding. It has been found thatcareful design of the second winding in conjunction with the firstwinding will allow the designer considerably more latitude in a multiplevoltage vibrator coil design than in a conventional coil.

In general, the reactive effects of most shunt drive vibrators may beneglected, in considering coil design ampere turns. Formula A willusually give a good approximation of average ampere turns for aconventional coil:

ETW,

IN R

where According to the teachings of the present invention,

Formula A may be extended to Formula B as below:

. where I Rr=voltage dropping resistor. R1=resistance of first coilwinding. Rz=resistance of the second coil Winding. T1=turns of the firstcoil winding. T 2=turns of the second coil winding.

The novel vibrator including a multiple voltage coil, as describedabove, is merely illustrative and not exhaustive in scope andsince manywidely different embodiments of the invention may be-madewithoutdeparting from the scope thereof, it is intended that all mattercontained in the above description and shown in the accompanying drawingshall be interpreted as illustrative and not in a limiting sense.

What is claimed is:

1. An electromagnetic interrupter having input terminals to which asource of direct current voltage is adapted to be connected comprisingincombination, an armature reed, one of said terminals being connectedto said reed, a reed contact, a driver coil for actuating said reedhaving a predetermined number of turns, a pull contact for saidvibrator, a resistance connected to said pull contact, said resistancebeing connected to electrically parallel some turns of said driver coil,a center tapped primary Winding of an output transformer having a pairof terminals, an inertia contact, one of said latter pair of terminalsbeing connected electrically to said resistor and to said driver coil,with the other of said latter terminals being connected to said inertiacontact, said center tap of said primary winding of said outputtransformer being connected to said other of said input voltageterminals, whereby said interrupter is adapted to operate on voltages ofvarying input values without necessitating modification of thecomponents of the interrupter inasmuch as the necessary electricaladjustments are made therein automatically by varying the electricalresistances in the circuit.

2. An electromagnetic interrupter having input terminals to which asource of direct current voltage is adapted to be connected comprisingin combination, an armature reed, one of said input terminals beingconnected to said reed, a reed contact, a driver coil for actuating saidreed including a pair of windings, each having a predetermined number ofturns, a pull contact for said vibrator, a resistance connected to saidpull contact, said resistance being placed in parallel to one of saiddriver coil windings, a center tapped primary winding of an output transformer having a pair of terminals, an inertia contact placed adjacent tosaid reed opposite said pull contact, one of said latter pair ofterminals being connected electrically to said resistor and to said onewinding of said driver coil, said center tap of said output transformerbeing connected to said other of said input voltage terminals, wherebysaid interrupter is adapted to operate on voltages of varying inputvalues without necessitating modification of the components of theinterrupter inasmuch as .the necessary electrical adjustments are madetherein automatically by varying the electrical resistances in thecircuit.

3. An electromagnetic interrupter having input terminals to which asource of direct current voltage is adapted to be connected comprisingin combination, an armature reed, one of said input terminals beingconnected to said reed, a reed contact, a driver coil for actuating saidreed including a pair of bifilar windings, each having a predeterminednumber of turns, a pull contact for said vibrator placed adjacent saidreed, a resistance connected to said pull contact, said resistance beingplaced in parallel to one of said windings and being in series with theother of said windings, a center tapped primary winding of an outputtransformer having a pair of terminals, an inertia contact placedadjacent to said reed opposite said pull contact, one of said latterpair of terminals being connected electrically to said resistor and tosaid one winding of said driver coil, with the other of said lattertermi- B nals -beingdirectly connected -to said inertia contact, saidcenter tap-of said-primaryoutput transformer-being connected to saidother of said input voltage terminals whereby said interrupter isadapted to operate on voltages of varying input values withoutnecessitating modification of the components of the interrupter inasmuchas the necessary electrical adjustments are made therein automaticallyby varying the electrical resistances in the circuit.

4. An electromagnetic interrupter having input terminals to which asource of direct current voltage is connected comprising in combination,an armature reed, one of said terminals being connected to said reed, areed contact, a driver coil for actuating said reed includinga pair ofinterconnected windings, each havinga predetermined number of turns,said turns being wound in such wise that the magnetic fieldstinduced ineach coil arein aiding relationship, a pull contact for said vibratorplaced adjacent. said reed,- a resistance connected. to said pullcontact, saidlresistance being placedin'parallel to one of saidwindingsandbeing. in series with the other of .said windings, a center tappedprimary winding of an output transformer having a pair of terminals, aninertia contact placed adjacent to said reed opposite said pull contact,one of said latter pair of terminals being connected electrically tosaid resistor and to said one winding of said driver coil, with theother of said latter terminals being directly connected to said inertiacontact, said center tap of said primary output transformer beingconnected to said other of said input voltage terminals, whereby saidinterrupter is adapted to operate on voltages of varying input valueswithout necessitating modification of the components of the interrupterinasmuch as the necessary electrical adjustments are made thereinautomatically by varying the electrical resistances in the circuit.

5. An electromagnetic interrupter having input terminals to which asource of direct current voltage is adapted to be connected comprisingin combination, an armature reed, one of said input terminals beingconnected to said reed, a reed contact, a driver coil for actuating saidreed including a pair of windings, each having a number of averageampere turns, determined according to the following formula:

where Rr=voltage dropping resistor. R1=resistance of first coil winding.R2=resistance of second coil winding. T1=turns of the first coilwinding.

T z=turns of the second coil winding.

a pull contact for said vibrator, a resistance connected to said pullcontact, said resistance being placed in parallel to one of said drivercoil windings, a center tapped primary winding of an output transformerhaving a pair of terminals, an inertia contact placed adjacent to saidreed opposite said pull contact, one of said latter pair of terminalsbeing connected electrically to said resistor and to said one winding ofsaid driver coil, said center tap of said primary alternating currentoutput transformer being connected to said other of said input voltageterminals, whereby said interrupter is adapted to operate on voltages ofvarying input values without necessitating modification of thecomponents of the interrupter inasmuch as the necessary electricaladjustments are made therein automatically by varying the electricalresistances in the circuit.

6. An electromagnetic interrupter having input terminals to which asource of direct current voltage is adapted to be connected comprisingin combination, an armature reed, one of said input terminals beingconnected to said reed, a reed contact, a driver coil for actuating saidreed 7, '8 including a pair of windings, each having a definite numnals, an inertia contact placed adjacent to said reed oppober of averageampere turns, developed according to the site said pull contact, one ofsaid latter pair of terminals formula: being connected electrically tosaid resistor and to said ET! ETZR, one winding of said driver coil,said center tap of said IN -l-m w, 5 primary alternating current outputtransformer being 2 1 connected to said other of said input voltageterminals, R TRZ whereby said interrupter is adapted to operate onvoltages R,+R2 of varying input values without necessitatingmodification where of the components of the interrupter inasmuch as the10 necessary electrical adjustments are made therein automatically byvarying the electrical resistances in the circuit.

Rr=voltage dropping resistance. R1=resistance of first coil winding.R2=resistance of second coil winding.

T1=turns of the first coil winding. References Cited in the file of thispatent T2=turns of the second coil winding, 15 UNITED STATES PATENTS apull contact for said vibrator, a resistance connected to 2 286 847Gal-smug June 16 1942 said pull contact, said resistance being placed inparallel with one of said coil windings andin series to the otherFOREIGN PATENTS one of said driver coil windings, a center tappedprimary 93,918 Switzerland Apr. 1, 1922 winding of an output transformerhaving a pair of termi- 20

